O Levels Biology Notes – The Science of Studying

O Levels Biology Notes By Topics

O Levels Biology Notes - Movement of Substances

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Diffusion, its role in nutrient uptake and gaseous exchange in
plants and humans
Osmosis, investigate and describe its effects on plant and animal tissues
Active transport and its importance as an energy-consuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient.

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

O Levels Biology Notes - Respiration

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Identify parts of the lung state their functions in human gaseous exchange.
Describe the process of breathing.
Explain how the structure of an alveolus is suited for its function of gaseous exchange.
State the components of tobacco smoke and their effects on health.
Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human cells and state the equation, in words and symbols.
Explain cell respiration during intensive activities and its after effects.

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

O Levels Biology Notes - Enzymes

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Explain the mode of action of enzymes in terms of an active site, enzyme-substrate complex, lowering of activation energy and enzyme specificity using the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis
Investigate and explain the effects of temperature and pH on the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

O Levels Biology Notes - Transport in Humans

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Identify the main blood vessels to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidney
Relate the structures of arteries, veins and capillaries to their functions.
Describe the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid
Components of blood and their roles in transport and defence:
List the different ABO blood groups and describe all possible combinations for the donor and recipient in blood transfusions
Describe the structure and function of the heart.
Outline the cardiac cycle during systole and diastole.
Describe coronary heart disease and list
the possible causes and possible preventive measures.

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

O Levels Biology Notes - Excretion in Humans

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Define excretion and explain the importance of removing nitrogenous and other compounds from the body
Identify the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra and their functions in
excretion.
The function of the nephrons.
Mechanism of dialysis in the case of kidney failure

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

O Levels Biology Notes - Transport in Plants

These notes will help you to understand and apply

Identify the cellular and tissue structure of a dicotyledonous leaf and describe the significance of these features.
Identify the positions of and explain the functions of xylem vessels and phloem of a herbaceous dicotyledonous leaf and
stem.
Explain how the structure of a root hair cell is suited for its function of water and ion uptake.
Function of Chlorophyll
Explain why most forms of life are completely dependent on photosynthesis

These O levels Biology notes are suitable for students in Sec 3/4 taking Pure or Combined Biology.

"Teacher Val your notes are really super helpful! Especially the commonly tested questions.. I think half of my recent test had questions from your notes..."